Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 14, 2026
Measuring Carbon Content in Airway Macrophages Exposed to Carbon-Containing Particulate Matters
Published on: July 12, 2024
Particulate air pollution and constituents exacerbate 10-year ASCVD risk: estimating effects of hypothetical
Boxiang Wang1, Shouxin Peng1, Zhongyang Chen1
1Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Background:
Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, but evidence on its components' effects and the potential benefits achievable through PM2.5 interventions remains limited.
Methods:
We used data from participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study with low ASCVD risk at baseline. The associations between PM2.5, its components (black carbon, ammonium, nitrate, sulfate, organic matter), and 10-year ASCVD risk were evaluated using the generalized linear regression. Co-exposure effects of PM2.5 components were estimated using weighted quantile sum regression and quantile g-computation. Effects of hypothetical PM2.5 interventions (reducing annual averages to 35, 25, and 15 μg/m3) on ASCVD risk were assessed using the parametric g-formula.
Results:
Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 raised 10-year ASCVD risk by 18.3% (RR = 1.183, 95% CI: 1.099-1.267). Each 0.1 μg/m3 increase in black carbon and 1 μg/m3 increase in ammonium, nitrate, sulfate, and organic matter increased risks by 18.4%, 10.7%, 6.8%, 9.0%, and 6.7%, respectively. Nitrate contributed most (46.3%). Parametric g-formula estimated that reducing PM2.5 to 35, 25, and 15 μg/m3 lowered ASCVD risk by 2.78%, 3.15%, and 3.43%, respectively. Psychological conditions (e.g., depression) mediated 10-year ASCVD risk. Interaction analysis showed females were more susceptible to PM2.5 and its components.
Conclusions:
Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components elevates ASCVD risk in Chinese adults, with greater susceptibility in females. Reducing PM2.5 concentrations significantly mitigates ASCVD risk.
More Related Videos
07:35Aggravation of Myocardial Ischemia upon Particulate Matter Exposure in Atherosclerosis Animal Model
Published on: December 10, 2021
10:11Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
Published on: October 22, 2014
Related Concept Videos
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Inflammation
01:20COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
01:29Asthma-I: Introduction
01:24Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
01:26Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include: