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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Giant Calcified Pericardial Cyst With Caseous Degeneration Causing Right Ventricular Compression.

Yasuhiko Kawaguchi1, Badr Arbaein2, Raffael Pereira Cezar Zamper2

  • 1Division of Cardiac Surgery, London Health Science Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, N5X 5A5, Canada.

Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
|April 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Giant calcified pericardial cysts are rare, especially those with caseous material. This case details a large calcified pericardial cyst causing heart failure, successfully treated with surgical resection.

Keywords:
calcificationcaseous degenerationcompressionpericardial cystpericardiectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Calcified pericardial cysts are rare, with caseous material being exceptionally uncommon.
  • Giant pericardial cysts can lead to significant cardiac compression and heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a rare case of a giant calcified pericardial cyst with atypical caseous contents.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and surgical challenges associated with such complex cases.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a patient with a giant calcified pericardial cyst.
  • Diagnostic imaging including echocardiography.
  • Surgical resection via median sternotomy with anterior pericardiectomy.
  • Histopathological examination of the resected cyst.

Main Results:

  • A large calcified pericardial cyst causing right ventricular compression and heart failure symptoms was identified.
  • Surgical resection revealed a heavily calcified cyst wall containing thick caseous material.
  • Histopathology confirmed a fibrous cyst wall without malignancy or granulomatous inflammation.
  • Post-operative echocardiography showed relief of right ventricular compression and preserved cardiac function.

Conclusions:

  • Giant calcified pericardial cysts with caseous material present unique diagnostic and surgical challenges.
  • Surgical resection is an effective treatment for relieving cardiac compression and improving heart failure symptoms.
  • Thorough histopathological examination is crucial for accurate diagnosis and to rule out other pathologies.