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Hamstrings muscle dynamics during the Nordic hamstring exercise and high-speed running.

Nicos Haralabidis1, Kristen Steudel2, Reed Gurchiek3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|April 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) and high-speed running place different biomechanical demands on the biceps femoris long head (BFLH). High-speed running generates greater forces, while NHE involves more muscle work and impulse, highlighting distinct injury prevention training needs.

Keywords:
Hamstring strain injuryMuscle forceMusculoskeletal simulation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Injury Prevention

Background:

  • The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) and high-speed running are common for preventing hamstring injuries.
  • However, their comparative effects on muscle dynamics, specifically for the biceps femoris long head (BFLH), are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the estimated muscle-tendon unit (MTU) dynamics of the BFLH during NHE and high-speed running.
  • To elucidate the biomechanical differences between these two training modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized motion capture data from 14 participants performing NHE and running at speeds from 4-8 m/s.
  • Employed musculoskeletal simulations to estimate BFLH muscle fiber dynamics and MTU force, power, work, and impulse.

Main Results:

  • High-speed running (≥ 7.5 m/s) produced greater peak MTU forces than NHE.
  • NHE resulted in significantly greater estimated negative MTU work and impulse compared to running.
  • High-speed running (≥ 6 m/s) showed higher muscle fiber lengths and lengthening velocities.

Conclusions:

  • Significant biomechanical differences exist between NHE and high-speed running concerning the BFLH.
  • These findings provide insights into optimizing training strategies for hamstring strain injury prevention.