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Rigidity in Parkinson's disease.

Antonio Suppa1,2, Alessandro Zampogna1,2, Giorgio Vivacqua3

  • 1Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|April 12, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease rigidity is a core motor symptom needing more research. This review clarifies its complex nature, assessment methods, and underlying causes to guide future studies.

Keywords:
Parkinson’s diseasedopaminelong-latency reflexmuscle tonereticular formationrigidity

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Rigidity is a key motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), alongside bradykinesia and tremor.
  • Despite its diagnostic importance, rigidity is less understood than other PD motor symptoms.
  • Existing knowledge gaps exist in its phenomenology, neurophysiological basis, and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review and clarify conceptual ambiguities surrounding rigidity in Parkinson's disease.
  • To examine current assessment strategies, including clinical and instrumental approaches.
  • To consolidate understanding of the pathophysiology of rigidity in PD.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of conceptual definitions and clinical interpretations of rigidity.
  • Comparison of clinical and instrumental assessment methods.
  • Synthesis of molecular, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological findings.

    • Main Results:

    • The term "rigidity" is inconsistently applied across fields, leading to clinical interpretation issues.
    • Current assessment methods have distinct strengths and limitations for characterizing PD rigidity.
    • Insights into rigidity's pathophysiology are emerging from various research domains.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research is needed to address the conceptual and methodological gaps in understanding PD rigidity.
    • A clearer framework is required for consistent clinical assessment and targeted therapeutic development.
    • This review provides a foundation for future research into Parkinson's disease rigidity.