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Related Concept Videos

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
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Responsive lysogeny under nonproductive phage binding.

Bryan Wu1, Călin C Guet1

  • 1Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|April 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temperate phages should sense lysogen density to optimize invasion strategies. A new model shows phages responding to both cell and lysogen densities can better invade and resist bacterial systems.

Keywords:
cell fateherd immunityinvasion analysislysis-lysogeny decisionlysogeny responsivenessphage-bacteria interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Systems Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Temperate phages decide between lysis and lysogeny upon infecting bacteria.
  • Previous models focused on known phage sensing mechanisms, not optimal responses.
  • Existing models don't fully explain what environmental information phages *should* sense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mechanism-agnostic population dynamics model for phage decision-making.
  • To identify lysogen density as a crucial environmental factor for phage decision-making.
  • To derive an optimized phage strategy for lysogeny probability.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mechanism-agnostic population dynamics model.
  • Incorporated irreversible phage binding to lysogens.
  • Derived a responsive lysogeny probability based on cell and lysogen densities.

Main Results:

  • Lysogens act as a protective factor for host cells, influencing phage decisions.
  • Phages sensing both cell and lysogen densities are better equipped for invasion.
  • A responsive lysogeny strategy outperforms fixed strategies in diverse environments.

Conclusions:

  • Phage decision-making should incorporate lysogen density as a key environmental cue.
  • Optimized phage strategies enhance invasion and resistance in microbial systems.
  • This approach provides a framework for understanding phage-host dynamics.