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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Non-Aqueous Isolation and Enrichment of Glandular Capitate Stalked and Sessile Trichomes from Cannabis sativa
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Transcriptome assemblies for two drug-type cannabis chemotypes by long-read RNA sequencing.

Oliver Berkowitz1,2,3,4, Ricarda Jost1,2,3,4, Sophia Ng1,2

  • 1Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, Department of Ecological Plant and Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.

The Plant Genome
|April 13, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new cannabis transcriptome assemblies to study genetic diversity. These assemblies reveal novel genes and alternative splicing events, offering insights into cannabinoid production and nutrient regulation in Cannabis sativa.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cannabis sativa exhibits significant genetic and phenotypic diversity due to extensive domestication.
  • Growing medical and recreational use of cannabinoids (THC, CBD) necessitates advanced genomic tools.
  • Specialized metabolites in cannabis glandular trichomes are key targets for research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create and characterize PacBio Iso-Seq-based transcriptome assemblies for THC- and CBD-dominant cannabis chemotypes.
  • To identify novel transcribed loci and alternative splicing events.
  • To explore gene expression patterns related to nutrient acquisition and their chemotype-specific differences.

Main Methods:

  • PacBio Iso-Seq sequencing technology was employed for transcriptome assembly.
  • Assemblies were generated for two contrasting cannabis chemotypes (THC-dominant and CBD-dominant).
  • Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify novel transcripts, alternative splicing events, and gene expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • Transcriptome assemblies covered approximately 60% of the cs10 reference genome, identifying 1145 novel transcribed loci.
  • Each assembly defined over 50,000 transcripts and 15,000 alternative splicing events.
  • Novel cis-regulatory long non-coding RNA and isoform-specific expression patterns for nutrient regulation (SPX DOMAIN 4) were characterized, showing chemotype differences.

Conclusions:

  • The developed transcriptome assemblies are a valuable resource for functional genomics in Cannabis sativa.
  • Novel findings include previously unidentified transcribed loci and extensive alternative splicing.
  • Isoform-specific expression patterns suggest novel regulatory mechanisms for nitrogen and phosphate acquisition in cannabis.