Relationship between the miR-146a rs57095329 polymorphism and the risk of peri-implantitis

Emerging evidence highlights genetic susceptibility as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. The present study aimed to examine the potential association between the microRNA (miR)-146a rs57095329 polymorphism and susceptibility to peri-implantitis.

A total of 230 patients with implant-supported dentures free of peri-implantitis and 230 patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis were recruited. Genotyping was performed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and miR-146a expression was analyzed using real-time qualitative PCR. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was used to confirm whether the genotype distribution matched expected values. Logistic regression analysis was then conducted to identify potential independent risk indicators.

miR-146a expression was significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group, with expression levels following the order: AA genotype > GA genotype > GG genotype. The AA genotype (odds ratio [OR], 2.753; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.510-5.019; P<0.001) and the A allele (OR, 1.599; 95% CI, 1.220-2.094; P<0.001) were significantly associated with increased peri-implantitis risk. Mutations in the G allele may serve as a protective factor. The AA genotype showed the highest plaque index, and a significant positive correlation was observed between miR-146a expression levels and plaque index. In addition, patients with the AA genotype exhibited poorer periodontal indices and higher tumor necrosis factor-α levels compared with those carrying GG/GA genotypes. Indicators of periodontal health status, miR-146a levels, and the rs57095329 polymorphism may therefore serve as independent risk factors for peri-implantitis.

The miR-146a rs57095329 polymorphism was significantly associated with susceptibility to peri-implantitis.