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Related Experiment Video

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Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Axons and their Synapses during Axon Death in Drosophila melanogaster

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Golgi disintegration and functional disruption during paraptosis.

Xiang Cui¹, Liao Yang², Huali Zhang²

¹Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, China.

Journal of Cell Science

|April 13, 2026

Summary

Paraptosis involves new structures called paraptosomes that form as the Golgi apparatus breaks down. This Golgi disintegration is an early event in paraptosis, impacting cell function.

Keywords:

Golgi disintegration Non-apoptotic cell death Organelle stress Paraptosis Paraptosome Vesicle trafficking

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Paraptosis is a programmed cell death pathway marked by cytoplasmic vacuolation, ER dilation, and mitochondrial swelling.
The role of the Golgi apparatus in paraptosis has been poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the involvement of the Golgi apparatus in paraptosis.
To characterize novel structures observed during paraptosis.

Main Methods:

Treatment of human glioblastoma U251MG cells with paraptosis inducers.
Microscopy and biochemical analyses to study cellular structures and protein processing.

Main Results:

Identification of paraptosomes, high-density spherical structures, during paraptosis.
Paraptosome formation correlated with Golgi apparatus disintegration and fragmentation.
Golgi fragmentation preceded endoplasmic reticulum dilation.
Impaired secretory function and altered expression of Golgi stress markers were observed.
Processing and nuclear translocation of ER stress transducers OASIS and ATF6 were disrupted, with accumulation in paraptosomes.

Conclusions:

Paraptosome formation is associated with Golgi disintegration and dysfunction during paraptosis.
Golgi remodeling is an early feature of paraptosis, expanding the known morphological characteristics of this cell death process.