Impact of Simulated Risk Factor Management on Cardiovascular Disease and Costs in Type 2 Diabetes Using the ABC Model

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Endocrinology
• Public Health

Background:

• Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
• Effective management of cardiometabolic risk factors is crucial for CVD prevention in T2D patients.
• The 'ABC' model (HbA1c, Blood Pressure, LDL-Cholesterol) provides a framework for multifactorial risk control.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the 3-year impact of scenario-based multifactorial control on CVD incidence in Asian patients with T2D.
• To assess the associated healthcare costs and potential savings with multifactorial intervention.
• To analyze the effectiveness of achieving multiple treatment targets on CVD events.

Main Methods:

• Utilized the validated 'ABC' model to simulate CVD incidence and costs over 3 years.
• Included patients with T2D from the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Register across 11 Asian countries/jurisdictions.
• Simulated achievement of HbA1c < 7%, BP < 130/80 mmHg, risk-stratified LDL-C, smoking cessation, and weight reduction targets.

Main Results:

• The study included 103,958 T2D patients; 16.5% had prior CVD.
• Simulated achievement of all three ABC targets reduced CVD incidence rates by 30.2%-40.01%.
• In China, simulations suggested averting over 1.17 million CVD events annually with potential savings exceeding US$11.29 billion.

Conclusions:

• Multifactorial management of cardiometabolic risk factors significantly impacts CVD prevention in T2D.
• Achieving treatment targets leads to substantial reductions in CVD incidence.
• This approach offers significant healthcare cost savings for T2D patients.