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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Duodenal microbiota profiling and its effects on gastrointestinal tract dysfunction.

Amir Sohrabi1, Fatemeh Sadeghi1, Ulrika Zagai1

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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Duodenal microbiota composition varies with smoking, age, BMI, and education. These gut bacteria alterations are linked to gastroduodenal disorders like gastritis and reflux, impacting gastrointestinal health.

Keywords:
16S rRNASwedenduodenumgastrointestinal dysfunctionmicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Gastroenterology
  • Human health

Background:

  • Duodenal microbiota's role in gastrointestinal dysfunction is understudied.
  • Population-based data on duodenal microbiota are limited.
  • 16S rRNA sequencing is a key tool for profiling duodenal microbiota.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between duodenal microbiota composition and gastrointestinal dysfunction.
  • To identify demographic and histopathological factors influencing duodenal microbiota.
  • To understand the link between duodenal microbiota and specific gastrointestinal manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based, cross-sectional study of 265 adults.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 region) of duodenal brushing specimens.
  • Analysis of microbiota composition, diversity, and comparison across various subject groups.

Main Results:

  • Beta diversity of duodenal microbiota differed significantly between smokers and non-smokers, and by education, BMI, and age.
  • Microbiota alterations were associated with non-H. pylori gastritis and co-occurring GERD/functional dyspepsia.
  • Specific bacterial genera were linked to distinct histopathological findings.

Conclusions:

  • Duodenal microbiota signatures are influenced by lifestyle factors (smoking, BMI) and demographics (age, education).
  • Changes in duodenal microbiota are associated with gastroduodenal disorders.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanistic role of duodenal microbiota in gastrointestinal health.