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Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Serum Zinc Levels and its Impact on Health of Children

Gaurav Singh1, Neeraj Kumar1, Madhu Nayak1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, S. N. Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine
|April 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Low serum zinc levels in children are linked to poor feeding practices and severe respiratory distress. This deficiency is associated with increased illness, developmental delays, and higher mortality rates, highlighting the importance of adequate zinc intake for child health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Zinc is a vital micronutrient crucial for immune function and epithelial barrier integrity.
  • Adequate zinc is essential for optimal growth and health in children.
  • Respiratory distress is a significant health concern in early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between serum zinc levels and respiratory distress in children aged 2-60 months.
  • To identify factors associated with lower serum zinc levels in this pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted with 100 children aged 2-60 months presenting with respiratory distress.
  • Serum zinc levels were measured using photometry and categorized based on feeding practices, caloric intake, and illness history.
  • Respiratory distress was graded as mild (RD I), moderate (RD II), and severe (RD III).

Main Results:

  • Children with non-exclusive breastfeeding, formula feeding, caloric gap, or recent multiple illnesses exhibited lower mean serum zinc levels.
  • Severe respiratory distress (RD III) was associated with significantly lower mean serum zinc levels.
  • Low serum zinc was correlated with higher incidences of anemia, developmental delay, frequent illnesses, and increased morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Suboptimal feeding practices, particularly formula feeding in early infancy and caloric deficits, contribute to low serum zinc levels in children.
  • Low serum zinc is a significant risk factor for severe respiratory distress and adverse health outcomes in children.
  • Ensuring adequate zinc nutrition is critical for preventing respiratory illnesses and promoting healthy development in children.

Keywords:
Caloric gapZinc deficiencyrespiratory distress

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