Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise
Published on: August 25, 2022
The impact of elective physical education on high school students' core PE competencies: a quasi-experimental study
Xiaotian Wang1,2, Binping Gong1,2, Linqin Song1,2
1Department of Physical Education, College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhu Hai, China.
Background:
Elective physical education (EPE) is a key curricular reform in China, yet evidence on its influence on high school students' core competencies in physical education (CCPE) remains limited. This study examined whether EPE was associated with greater pre-post improvements in CCPE among Chinese high school students.
Methods:
A quasi-experimental, school-level allocated, parallel-group pretest-posttest design was conducted with 196 Grade 11 students in Chongqing, China. The intervention group received EPE, and the control group continued conventional PE. CCPE was assessed using the Core Competencies in Physical Education Evaluation Scale for High School Students. Intervention effects were tested using a 2 (time) × 2 (group) mixed-design repeated-measures ANOVA.
Results:
Significant time × group interactions were observed for overall CCPE and all three domains (athletic ability, health behaviors, and sport morals), indicating small but consistent differential pre-post gains favoring EPE relative to conventional PE in students' self-reported (perceived) competencies.
Conclusion:
Under routine school conditions, EPE was associated with small improvements in students' CCPE as measured by self-report. Given the quasi-experimental design, findings should be interpreted as associations, and residual confounding cannot be ruled out even with baseline equivalence. Future studies should incorporate longer follow-up and objective or observational outcomes.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Exercise and Muscle Performance
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Self-Efficacy
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
Chest Physiotherapy
Purpose
CPT is primarily used for patients with excessive bronchial secretions who have difficulty clearing...

