Multimodal ultrasound evaluation of refractory primary thyroid lymphoma: a case report and literature review

Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare type of malignant thyroid tumor, among which refractory cases are even less common. This study aims to explore the role of multimodal ultrasound in the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of refractory PTL.

This case study details the diagnosis and treatment process of a 33-year-old female patient with refractory primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the thyroid gland. The patient sought medical attention due to the progressive enlargement of a neck mass. The condition was initially identified through ultrasound screening and ultimately confirmed by histopathological biopsy, following which an individualized treatment plan was developed. Treatment regimens were dynamically adjusted based on disease progression. During this period, we thoroughly documented the performance of multimodal ultrasound in diagnosis and efficacy evaluation.

This represents a valuable case report of a young patient afflicted with rare refractory PTL. Multimodal ultrasound plays an important role in the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of refractory PTL, offers a non-invasive monitoring protocol for clinical practice, and its integration with other imaging examinations influences clinical decisions such as repeat biopsy, treatment modification and surgical intervention. This case study can provide valuable clinical experience for the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases in the future.