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Updated: Apr 14, 2026
An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function
Published on: May 4, 2021
Skim milk hydrolysate (SMH-AP) containing AVPYP and GLPQE ameliorates adipogenic lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells
Sekyung Lee1,2, Hyung Joo Suh1,2, Eun-Jin Jung3
1Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
Background/Objectives:
This study evaluated the anti-adipogenic effects of skim milk hydrolysate with alcalase and prozyme (SMH-AP) in 3T3-L1 cells and identified its bioactive peptides.
Materials/Methods:
After adipogenic differentiation, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with SMH-AP.
Results:
SMH-AP, produced via sequential hydrolysis with Alcalase and Prozyme, significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and modulated adipogenic and lipogenic biomarkers. It downregulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β, C/EBPα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c, while upregulating Krüppel-like factor 2. SMH-AP suppressed the cholesterogenic markers (SREBP2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) and activated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha, which phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase and activated hormone-sensitive lipase. Molecular analysis confirmed extensive proteolysis into small, cell-permeable peptides (~330 Da). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry identified Ala-Val-Pro-Tyr-Pro and Gly-Leu-Pro-Gln-Glu as major bioactive peptides.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that SMH-AP may serve as a promising functional food ingredient for preventing obesity.
