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Area of Science:

  • Ornithology
  • Movement Ecology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Large soaring birds, like Old World vultures, undertake extensive movements critical for their survival and conservation.
  • Weather conditions are known to influence bird flight patterns, but their role in predicting non-routine, long-range movements remains understudied.
  • Understanding movement triggers is vital for effective conservation strategies for wide-ranging species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between weather variables (solar radiation, wind direction, wind strength) and Griffon Vulture movement patterns.
  • To determine if weather conditions can predict short-range and long-range movements outside the home range in Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus).
  • To assess the extent to which non-routine movements are triggered by environmental factors rather than solely by intentional behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) to analyze GPS tracking data from 20 Griffon Vultures in Sardinia, Italy (168,202 locations).
  • Modeled the probability of short-range, medium-range, and long-range movements outside the home range based on varying weather conditions.
  • Specifically analyzed the influence of solar radiation, wind direction, and wind strength on movement behavior.

Main Results:

  • Griffon Vultures exhibited restricted movements near colonies during very weak winds and avoided venturing far during very strong winds.
  • Medium and long-range movements were more frequent with intermediate northwestern and southeastern winds under good solar radiation.
  • The duration of long-range movements increased with decreasing solar radiation, suggesting displacement and difficulty returning to colonies.

Conclusions:

  • Weather conditions, particularly wind and solar radiation, play a significant role in triggering non-routine long-range movements in Griffon Vultures.
  • Some long-range movements may be involuntary responses to weather, leading vultures on extended journeys.
  • Integrating high-resolution movement and weather data can improve predictions of vulture movements, aiding adaptive conservation actions and data acquisition.