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Pediatric Eye Health-Seeking Behavior in Ghana: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Albert Kwadjo Amoah Andoh1, Nana Akwasi Owusu Mensah1, Eunice Acheampong Boadu1

  • 1Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana.

Health Science Reports
|April 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Caregivers in Ghana rarely seek professional eye care for children, with urban and peri-urban children more likely to receive care. Previous eye exam history significantly impacts seeking behavior, not socioeconomic status.

Keywords:
Ghanachildchildhood visual impairmenthealth care utilizationhealth service accessibilityhealth‐seeking behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Ophthalmology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Childhood visual impairment is a significant public health issue in low- and middle-income countries like Ghana.
  • Timely interventions are crucial for preventing avoidable vision loss in children.
  • Understanding caregivers' health-seeking behaviors for pediatric eye care is essential, despite Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the determinants of pediatric eye care-seeking behavior among caregivers in Ghana.
  • To identify factors influencing the utilization of eye health services for children.
  • To inform strategies for improving early intervention and reducing childhood visual impairment.

Main Methods:

  • A community-based cross-sectional study involving 622 children and their caregivers in selected Ghanaian districts.
  • Data collection through structured questionnaires on socio-demographics, NHIS coverage, and eye care practices.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify significant factors associated with seeking eye care (p < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • Only 41.2% of caregivers sought professional eye care for children with reported eye problems, often at general health facilities.
  • Children in peri-urban and urban areas had significantly higher odds of seeking eye care compared to rural areas.
  • Prior eye examination history was a key factor; recent exams reduced seeking behavior, while older exams increased it. Socioeconomic factors showed no significant association.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric eye care service utilization in Ghana is limited and primarily influenced by settlement type and prior engagement, not socioeconomic status.
  • Community-based outreach programs and integration of pediatric eye care into primary healthcare are recommended.
  • Enhancing early intervention strategies can effectively reduce the burden of avoidable childhood visual impairment.