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Variations in Haematological and Biochemical Indices in Aggressive Periodontitis: A Case-Control Study in Ghana
Moses Banyeh1, Mary Naa Barkor Ayettey-Adamafio2, Oluwatomi Owopetu3
1Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana.
Health Science Reports
|April 13, 2026
Summary
Aggressive periodontitis, more common in people of African ethnicity, is linked to higher triglyceride and cholesterol levels, especially in males. This suggests a connection between the condition, lipid metabolism, and systemic inflammation.
Area of Science:
- Periodontology
- Biochemistry
- Hematology
Background:
- Aggressive periodontitis disproportionately affects individuals of African ethnicity, characterized by early onset and rapid tooth loss.
- Existing research indicates a link between aggressive periodontitis and altered hematological and biochemical markers.
- These associations require further investigation within the Ghanaian population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the relationship between aggressive periodontitis and hematological and biochemical indices in a Ghanaian cohort.
- To identify specific biomarkers associated with aggressive periodontitis in this population.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 82 participants (50 cases, 32 controls) aged 18-53 years.
- Periodontal examinations were conducted by a board-certified periodontist.
- Fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for hematological and biochemical variables.
Main Results:
- Elevated serum triglyceride levels were observed in aggressive periodontitis cases compared to controls (0.9 ± 0.5 vs 0.7 ± 0.2, p=0.03).
- Male patients with aggressive periodontitis showed higher serum total cholesterol (3.6 ± 0.8 vs 3.1 ± 0.6, p=0.03).
- The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was also higher in male patients with aggressive periodontitis.
Conclusions:
- Findings suggest a potential link between aggressive periodontitis and systemic inflammation.
- Altered lipid metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate these associations in the Ghanaian population.
