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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

28.3K
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Ameliorating Osteoarthritis in Mice Using Silver Nanoparticles
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Chitosan-Stabilized Silver-Nimesulide Coordination Complex with Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory and Redox-Modulating

Luis Eduardo M Narvaez1, Kely C N Lima2,3, Roseane G Ferreira2,3

  • 1Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075900, Brazil.

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Summary

This study developed a novel chitosan-stabilized silver-nimesulide complex to combat inflammation and oxidative stress. The biocomposite demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects and improved drug delivery for potential disease treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Inflammation and oxidative stress are key factors in many acute and chronic diseases.
  • Current treatments often have limitations in efficacy and delivery.
  • Developing advanced drug delivery systems is crucial for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a chitosan-stabilized silver-nimesulide coordination complex.
  • To enhance the anti-inflammatory and redox-modulating properties of nimesulide.
  • To achieve controlled drug release for improved therapeutic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of a silver-nimesulide coordination complex within a chitosan matrix.
  • Characterization using spectroscopic and crystallographic analyses.
  • In vivo evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan-induced edema) and oxidative stress markers (MPO activity, lipid peroxidation).

Main Results:

  • Confirmed the formation of the Ag-NMS coordination complex embedded in chitosan.
  • Demonstrated significant reduction in edema, MPO activity, and lipid peroxidation in vivo.
  • Showcased modulation of thiol-dependent redox responses, indicating effective redox modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Coordination-driven polymeric stabilization enhances the therapeutic profile of nimesulide.
  • The developed biocomposite exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
  • This multifunctional biocomposite warrants further preclinical investigation for therapeutic applications.