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Related Experiment Video

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Swab Sampling Method for the Detection of Human Norovirus on Surfaces
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Instrument-Free, Low-Cost and Dual-System Detection for Norovirus Based on Self-Assembling DNA Circuitry.

Ai Chen1,2, Shuo Ma1,2, Jiwei Wang1,2

  • 1Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.

ACS Omega
|April 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

We developed a novel enzyme-free diagnostic platform for rapid norovirus detection. This assay integrates catalytic hairpin assembly with lateral flow strips, offering sensitive and specific results for acute gastroenteritis surveillance.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Diagnostics

Background:

  • Norovirus is a primary cause of acute gastroenteritis globally.
  • Current diagnostic methods for norovirus often lack the desired combination of speed, sensitivity, and minimal instrumentation.
  • There is a need for accessible and rapid diagnostic tools for norovirus detection, especially for field applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an enzyme-free nucleic acid detection platform for norovirus.
  • To integrate catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) with lateral flow assays for rapid readout.
  • To assess the performance of two formats, visual colloidal-gold (CHA-GICA) and fluorescence (CHA-FICA), for norovirus detection.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a dual-format enzyme-free platform combining catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) with lateral flow readouts (CHA-GICA and CHA-FICA).
  • Utilized a conserved 23-nt norovirus sequence to trigger CHA at 35 °C, generating labeled duplex products.
  • Analyzed 55 clinical fecal specimens and benchmarked results against RT-qPCR.

Main Results:

  • The CHA platform achieved rapid detection within 30 minutes (15 min reaction, 15 min development).
  • CHA-GICA demonstrated a limit of detection of 10 pM, while CHA-FICA reached 100 fM, with high specificity against variants.
  • In clinical specimens, CHA-GICA showed 73.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while CHA-FICA achieved 86.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity.

Conclusions:

  • The enzyme-free CHA lateral flow platform provides a rapid and sensitive method for norovirus screening.
  • The CHA-GICA format supports instrument-free field testing, while CHA-FICA offers enhanced sensitivity.
  • This technology holds promise for flexible and accessible norovirus diagnostics in various settings.