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Phillyrin Modulates AMPK-Associated Cellular Responses and Migration in PC3 Prostate Cancer Cells.

Cheng-Hsin Lu1,2, Chun-Hsien Wu2,3,4, Pei-Fang Hsieh2,5

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Phillyrins (PHNs) reduce prostate cancer cell migration by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This natural compound may offer a new strategy for advanced prostate cancer treatment by affecting key cellular signaling pathways.

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adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinaseepithelial–mesenchymal transitionphillyrinprostate cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Advanced prostate cancer presents significant mortality and metastasis challenges.
  • Limited effective treatments exist for advanced prostate cancer.
  • Phillyrins (PHNs), lignan glycosides, show potential anticancer activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of PHN on PC3 prostate cancer cells.
  • To investigate cellular responses, including migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), to PHN exposure.

Main Methods:

  • PC3 cells were treated with varying PHN concentrations (1-5 μM).
  • Cell migration was assessed using a wound-healing assay.
  • Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyzed EMT markers, AMPK-associated proteins, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1).

Main Results:

  • PHN treatment reduced PC3 cell migration without causing cytotoxicity.
  • PHN decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin, Snail, and Slug, while increasing E-cadherin.
  • Upregulation of SIRT1, NRF1, and altered AMPK expression was observed in PHN-treated cells.
  • Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK (using Compound C) partially reversed PHN-induced EMT marker changes.

Conclusions:

  • PHN exposure influences EMT-associated phenotypes in PC3 prostate cancer cells.
  • The effects of PHN may involve AMPK-associated signaling pathways.
  • PHN demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for prostate cancer by modulating cell migration and EMT.