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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Striosome-Like Structural Connectivity Is Reduced in the Rostral Putamen in Anxiety Disorder.

Adrian T Funk¹, Jeff L Waugh^1,2

¹Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA, utsouthwestern.edu.

Depression and Anxiety

|April 13, 2026

Summary

Anxiety is linked to altered brain connectivity in the striatum, specifically reduced striosome-like pathways and increased matrix-like pathways. These neuroanatomical changes may underlie anxiety disorders.

Keywords:

anxiety compartment matrix striatum striosome

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

Anxiety disorders are prevalent, costly, and often begin in adolescence.
Understanding the neuroanatomical underpinnings of anxiety is crucial for improved treatments.
The striatum, a key component of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical networks, plays a role in anxiety symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neuroanatomical differences in striatal connectivity between individuals with youth-onset anxiety and healthy controls.
To identify specific striatal compartments (striosome and matrix) associated with anxiety.

Main Methods:

Quantitative diffusion tractography was employed for connectivity-based parcellation.
A cohort of 295 subjects, including those with youth-onset anxiety and matched controls, was analyzed.
Striatal voxels were classified as striosome-like or matrix-like based on their connectivity patterns.

Main Results:

Individuals with anxiety showed depleted and dispersed striosome-like connectivity, particularly in the rostral putamen.
Striosome-like connectivity was inversely correlated with anxiety symptom severity.
Increased matrix-favoring connectivity was observed in cortico-striate projections.

Conclusions:

Alterations in striatal connectivity, specifically a higher matrix to striosome ratio, may predispose individuals to anxiety.
These findings highlight the role of striatal compartmental differences in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders.
Targeting these neuroanatomical pathways could offer new avenues for anxiety treatment.