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Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice
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From biology to therapy: current standards and emerging strategies in pleural mesothelioma

J H L T van Genugten1,2, C J de Gooijer1,2, Paul Baas1,2

  • 1Department of Thoracic Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/Netherlands cancer Institute (AVL-NKI) - Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Oncology
|April 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pleural mesothelioma (PM) treatments are advancing beyond chemotherapy. While dual immune checkpoint blockade shows promise, new therapies like antibody-drug conjugates and cell-based treatments are under investigation for better outcomes in this aggressive cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Malignant Mesothelioma Research

Background:

  • Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is an aggressive cancer with limited treatment options and poor prognosis.
  • Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the long-standing standard of care.
  • Despite genomic discoveries, targeted therapies for PM are not yet in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding PM biology.
  • To evaluate current phase I-III clinical trials for PM treatment.
  • To highlight promising future therapeutic candidates for PM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on PM biology.
  • Analysis of ongoing and completed phase I-III clinical trials in PM.
  • Identification and discussion of novel therapeutic modalities under investigation.

Main Results:

  • Dual immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab represents a recent advance, but durable responses are infrequent.
  • Many patients do not respond to current ICB therapies.
  • Numerous novel treatment strategies are in clinical trials, including antibody-drug conjugates, bi-specific antibodies, CAR T-cells, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress is being made in understanding PM biology and developing novel therapies.
  • While ICB has improved treatment, further research is crucial for more effective and durable responses.
  • Ongoing clinical trials offer hope for improved therapeutic options for pleural mesothelioma patients.
Keywords:
anti-angiogenic therapyclinical trialscombination therapyimmune checkpoint blockadeimmunotherapypleural mesothelioma

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