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Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.1K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
3.5K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.8K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.8K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.3K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
4.3K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.3K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.3K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.6K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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Polymerization-Inhibited Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer for Strong Molecular Aggregate Emission.

Suiying Ye1, Carolina Söll1, Wanqing Cao2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

ACS Polymers Au
|April 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method using rigid polymer chains to prevent unwanted molecular changes in fluorophores. This approach enhances fluorescence in solid materials, creating efficient, bright, and stable optoelectronic components.

Keywords:
aggregation-induced emissioncontrolled radical polymerizationlight-emitting polymersmolecular aggregatessolid-state emissiontwisted intramolecular charge transfer

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Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

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Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Photophysics

Background:

  • Molecular fluorophores with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) are crucial for tunable fluorescence.
  • Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) states often reduce fluorescence quantum yield.
  • Existing methods to suppress TICT are often toxic, costly, and complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a simple and effective strategy to suppress TICT in naphthalimide-based fluorophores.
  • To achieve strong molecular emission in aggregate and solid states using polymer chains.
  • To develop cost-efficient, highly emissive materials for optoelectronics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing electron-rich, rigid polymer chains to inhibit TICT.
  • Synthesizing naphthalimide-based fluorophores integrated into polymer structures.
  • Characterizing photoluminescence properties, including quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime.

Main Results:

  • The polymerization-inhibited TICT strategy induced strong aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in resulting oligomers and polymers.
  • Achieved high solid-state photoluminescence quantum yields up to 0.80.
  • Observed a significant blue shift in emission wavelength and increased fluorescence lifetime, indicating TICT inhibition upon aggregation.

Conclusions:

  • Established a cost-efficient and versatile method for developing highly emissive materials.
  • Demonstrated the suppression of TICT through polymerization, leading to enhanced solid-state emission.
  • The approach shows potential for applications in optoelectronics like luminescent solar concentrators and waveguides.