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Preoperative Gut Microbiome in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: Potential for Fecal Biomarker-Based Recurrence Risk

Anne E Petersen1,2, Konstantina Zafeiropoulou2,3, Mohammed Ghiboub1,2,3

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The gut microbiome composition before surgery may predict colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence. Distinct microbial patterns, particularly the presence of Porphyromonas, were linked to a higher risk of CRC recurrence, suggesting potential biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gut microbiome dysbiosis is implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression.
  • The role of the gut microbiome in CRC recurrence is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the gut microbiome and CRC recurrence.
  • To identify specific bacterial taxa linked to CRC recurrence risk.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational cohort study.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing of preoperative fecal samples from Stage I-III CRC patients.
  • Comparison of alpha and beta diversity; differential abundance analysis.

Main Results:

  • 21% of 294 patients experienced recurrence.
  • Beta diversity differed significantly between patients with and without recurrence, especially locoregional recurrence.
  • Specific genera (Acidaminococcus, Alloprevotella, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcaceae CAG-352, Lachnospiraceae UCG-003, Megamonas, Anaeroplasma, Porphyromonas) were associated with recurrence.
  • High Porphyromonas abundance increased overall recurrence risk (HR 2.80).

Conclusions:

  • Distinct preoperative fecal microbial composition is observed in CRC patients with locoregional recurrence.
  • The gut microbiome plays a role in CRC recurrence.
  • Porphyromonas may serve as a fecal biomarker for overall CRC recurrence risk.