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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment

Author Spotlight: Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: June 2, 2023

SpaHE-Infil: A spatial heterogeneity framework for decoding TME infiltration from H&E-stained slides.

Fang Wang^1,2, Hejia Xu^1,3, Xue Wang³

¹Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.

|April 13, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces SpaHE-Infil, a computational tool that analyzes H&E images to map immune cells in tumors. This method predicts immunotherapy response and patient survival, offering a new approach for precision cancer care.

Keywords:

Bioinformatics Cancer Medicine Microenvironment

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Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment

Author Spotlight: Multiplex Immunofluorescence Combined with Spatial Image Analysis for the Clinical and Biological Assessment of the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: June 2, 2023

Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment

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Published on: March 25, 2020

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

Published on: October 25, 2011

Area of Science:

Computational pathology
Tumor immunology
Precision medicine

Background:

Spatial distribution of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for immunotherapy response.
Current methods for TME analysis are limited by sequencing dependence and spatial resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a multimodal computational framework, SpaHE-Infil, for accurate spatial characterization of TME immune cells using standard H&E images.
To validate the framework's ability to predict immunotherapy response and patient survival.

Main Methods:

Integrated spatial transcriptomics and whole-slide H&E images to train a Random Forest model.
Extracted morphological, textural, and density features to identify 12 core TME cell types in situ.
Employed dynamic calibration to correct immune cell proportion biases in clinical samples.

Main Results:

SpaHE-Infil accurately predicted spatial immune cell distribution across multiple cancer types, validated against multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) and deconvolution algorithms.
Stratification of TME immune infiltration using H&E images predicted enhanced immunotherapy response.
TME immune infiltration predicted prolonged recurrence-free survival in clinical cohorts.

Conclusions:

SpaHE-Infil offers a clinically applicable tool for spatial TME characterization from H&E images.
The framework supports advancements in tumor immunology research and precision immunotherapy.
Spatial TME profiling using H&E images can guide clinical decision-making for cancer treatment.