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Developing a high-fidelity trauma surgery simulation to enhance team performance: Lessons learned from a complex

Tara N Cohen¹, Aleeque Marselian, Falisha Kanji

¹Department of Surgery, Surgical Safety and Human Factors Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (T.N.C.); Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (A.M., F.K., G.B.); Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (H.R.); Academic Affairs, Executive Director of Simulation, IPE, and Library Services, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA (R.M.S.); Women's Guild Simulation Center and In-Situ Simulation, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles CA (B.D.); Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL (E.H.L., J.R.K.); Department of Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.P.); and Faculty Affairs and Clinical Systems Development, Interventional Services, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, (B.L.G.).

The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery

|April 13, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Developing high-fidelity trauma surgery simulations enhances operative team readiness. This study details a reproducible framework for assessing and improving surgical team performance through realistic training scenarios.

Keywords:

Trauma simulation human factors intraoperative trauma care surgical education team performance

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Area of Science:

Medical Simulation
Surgical Education
Trauma Surgery

Background:

Effective trauma care requires technical skill and teamwork under pressure.
Simulation is key in trauma education, but complex operative simulations for team assessment are underreported.
Few studies detail the development and lessons learned from high-fidelity operative simulations for team performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and implement a high-fidelity trauma surgery simulation.
To evaluate multidisciplinary intraoperative team performance in realistic scenarios.
To establish a feasible framework for trauma team training and assessment.

Main Methods:

Developed a high-fidelity simulation for 22 multidisciplinary surgical teams (surgeon, resident, anesthesiologist, nurse, technician).
Teams completed two hemorrhagic shock trauma scenarios (liver/iliac and kidney/spleen injuries).
Utilized a dual-layer performance framework with video analysis and post-simulation surveys for taskwork and teamwork assessment.

Main Results:

Established a feasible framework for complex, realistic surgical trauma team simulations through iterative refinement.
Successfully calibrated raters and fostered multidisciplinary collaboration.
Identified key challenges and lessons learned during development and implementation.

Conclusions:

High-fidelity trauma surgery simulation enhances operative team readiness.
Deliberate scenario design, planning, and multidisciplinary coordination are crucial for optimizing outcomes.
The described framework offers a reproducible model for trauma training and performance assessment programs.