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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Packing under confinement is key to understanding ordered structures via entropic effects.
  • The impact of confinement on anisotropic particles, especially topological defects, is not well understood.
  • Prior research shows granular rods in circular confinement form square-like super-particles with four disclinations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how circular confinement affects ordered structures of rounded-corner hard-squares with varying roundness.
  • To explore the emergence of topological defect structures in confined anisotropic particles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Monte Carlo simulations within the NPT ensemble.
  • Studied rounded-corner hard-squares with systematically varied roundness parameters.
  • Analyzed structural transitions and defect formation under circular confinement.

Main Results:

  • At low roundness, particles formed a cross-shaped domain with tetratic order and four +1/4 disclinations.
  • With increased roundness, a novel partition structure emerged: six domains with six +1/4 disclinations and a central -1/2 disclination.
  • Demonstrated entropy-governed structural transitions driven by confinement geometry and particle shape.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between confinement and particle shape dictates self-assembly and structural transitions.
  • Findings provide new insights for designing topological metamaterials with tunable properties.
  • Highlights the role of entropy in driving complex ordered structures in confined systems.