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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction
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Free-Style Zygomatico-Orbital Artery Propeller Perforator Flap.

Hai-Hua Huang1, Ze-Yong Wu2, Jin-Biao Zheng1

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen.

Annals of Plastic Surgery
|April 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the zygomatic-orbital artery (ZOA) perforator propeller flap for lateral orbit and eyelid reconstruction. The versatile flap offers reliable, aesthetic outcomes with minimal complications.

Keywords:
free-styleperforator flappropellerzygomatico-orbital artery

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Limited descriptions of the zygomatic-orbital artery (ZOA) and its perforators hinder clinical application.
  • Existing perforator flap designs have notable limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the clinical applications of all ZOA perforators beyond eyelid reconstruction.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a freestyle ZOA perforator propeller flap for lateral orbit and eyelid defects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a propeller flap technique in 16 patients.
  • Flap sizes ranged from 2.0x1.1 cm to 7.5x2.5 cm.
  • Expanded focus to include all ZOA perforators.

Main Results:

  • One case of distal flap margin necrosis and one case of minor flap tip congestion healed without intervention.
  • All other flaps survived with no disease recurrence during a mean 17.4-month follow-up.
  • Patients reported satisfactory cosmetic and functional results.

Conclusions:

  • The local freestyle ZOA perforator propeller flap is feasible for lateral orbit and eyelid defect reconstruction.
  • This flap offers reliability, versatility, and excellent aesthetic results.
  • The technique effectively protects the ZOA and temporal branches of the facial nerve.