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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay
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Nirsevimab Immunization to Prevent Pediatric RSV Hospitalizations.

Federica Attaianese1, Giulia Carreras2, Sandra Trapani1,3

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Nirsevimab immunization effectively prevented respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations in children, proving to be a cost-saving intervention in Italy. Early and broad implementation strategies are crucial for maximizing clinical and economic benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Health Economics
  • Immunization Programs

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of pediatric lower respiratory tract infections, burdening healthcare systems.
  • Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, shows high efficacy against RSV in clinical trials.
  • Real-world data on nirsevimab's cost-effectiveness in European healthcare settings are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the real-world cost-effectiveness of nirsevimab immunization for preventing pediatric RSV hospitalizations.
  • To assess the economic impact of nirsevimab from the Italian National Health Service perspective.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, observational, real-world cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted in 19 Italian pediatric hospitals.
  • Poisson regression models estimated expected hospitalizations without immunization.
  • Data included all pediatric hospitalizations with RSV-specific ICD-9-CM codes from October 2022 to March 2025.

Main Results:

  • Nirsevimab immunization averted 6 to 151 hospitalizations per center (83-1162 per 100,000 children).
  • The intervention was cost-saving in most centers, with negative incremental costs ranging from -€10,924 to -€266,954.
  • Cost-effectiveness ratios were negative, indicating a cost-saving intervention, though late initiation and restricted eligibility impacted cost-effectiveness in two centers.

Conclusions:

  • Nirsevimab immunization is clinically effective and cost-saving for preventing RSV hospitalizations in children from a health system perspective.
  • The timing and eligibility criteria for nirsevimab immunization significantly influence its cost-effectiveness.
  • Early and broad rollout strategies are essential to maximize the clinical and economic benefits of nirsevimab immunization.