Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

1.2K
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
1.2K
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

1.6K
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
1.6K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

14.1K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
14.1K
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

15.1K
During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
15.1K
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

413
According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group...
413
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

19.1K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
19.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparing embedded virtual reality combat to traditional warm-ups on fencing performance and fatigue: Protocol for a randomized crossover trial.

JSAMS plus·2026
Same author

Influence of a passive shoulder exoskeleton on drilling performance in women- a cross-sectional study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Cyberlegs X-Leg at CYBATHLON 2024: insights on the control development of an active transfemoral prosthesis.

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation·2026
Same author

User preference in the personalized control of an ankle prosthesis: a case study.

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Editorial: Neuro-cognition in human movement: from fundamental experiments to bio-inspired innovation.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same author

Age distributions in Paralympic Games Paris 2024: an analysis of 5,540 para athletes across 13 individual disciplines.

Frontiers in sports and active living·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

27.0K

Feedback-Related Dynamics of Hierarchical Error Processing in Goal-Directed Action.

Niko Kroflic, Tjasa Kunavar, Kevin De Pauw

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
    |April 13, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study shows that detecting and correcting movement errors, not just the outcome, influences brain signals for performance evaluation. This is key for adaptive brain-machine interfaces.

    More Related Videos

    Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
    06:45

    Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

    Published on: April 18, 2017

    6.7K
    Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
    07:07

    Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

    Published on: June 5, 2016

    9.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

    Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
    09:49

    Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

    Published on: April 16, 2014

    27.0K
    Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
    06:45

    Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

    Published on: April 18, 2017

    6.7K
    Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
    07:07

    Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

    Published on: June 5, 2016

    9.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cognitive Science
    • Human-Computer Interaction

    Background:

    • Performance monitoring is crucial for adaptive behavior and brain-machine interfaces (BMIs).
    • The posterior medial frontal cortex generates error-related potentials (ErrP) like ERN, N2, and FRN, encoding performance evaluation.
    • Understanding the hierarchy of error processing, from low-level execution to high-level outcome evaluation, is vital.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To reexamine the hierarchical framework of error processing.
    • To investigate how low-level error detection/correction influences high-level outcome evaluation (FRN dynamics).
    • To determine if neural signals for outcome errors maintain consistent or distinct representations under altered feedback availability.

    Main Methods:

    • A visuomotor rotation task was used with manipulated visual feedback availability across three blocks.
    • Participants (n=16) performed reaching movements with unexpected cursor rotations (±20°, ±40°).
    • Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded to analyze neural signals.

    Main Results:

    • The feedback-related negativity (FRN) showed valence sensitivity in Blocks 1 and 3, but a surprise-driven response in Block 2.
    • Posterior negativity, linked to error detection and correction, appeared in Blocks 1 and 3, independent of outcome valence.
    • Robust classification between low-level (execution) and high-level (outcome) error signals was demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • Sensory feedback availability and error correction significantly influence neural responses to errors.
    • Neural signals for outcome errors vary based on feedback conditions.
    • Findings provide a foundation for developing more informative feedback in adaptive neural interfaces.