Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

1.3K
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
1.3K
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

2.6K
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
2.6K
Aging01:26

Aging

1.1K
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
1.1K
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

1.5K
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
1.5K
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

6.3K
The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
6.3K
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

2.0K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Widespread use of invalid statistical tests in biomedical machine learning.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Developing a multi-modal neuroimaging-based BrainAge model across childhood.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Neural representations of popularity and leadership status relate to conformity in daily life.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Tobacco withdrawal system recovery time assessed during smoking satiety predicts smoking behavior change among individuals who smoke cigarettes daily.

Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors·2026
Same author

Implementing Medical Frailty Exemptions Under HR 1: Clinical Considerations From Medicaid Medical Directors.

JAMA health forum·2026
Same author

EBNA1 inhibitors reveal CDC7 and POU2F1 as direct functional targets in EBV epithelial cancers.

mBio·2026
Same journal

The human claustrum supports cognitive networks for externally and internally driven task demands.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Unusual decay: Recombination loss leads to splicing errors in green algae.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Angptl5 restricts primitive hematopoiesis by promoting retinoic acid signaling in zebrafish.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Engineered bipaternal mice reveal the consequences of life without a maternal genomic contribution.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Multiple adhesion molecules act together in oligodendrocyte-mediated axonal selection and myelin formation.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Splicing deficiency is driven by genomic erosion in non-recombining algal mating-type chromosomes.

PLoS biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.6K

Altered salience network structure-function integration underlies the decline in cognitive flexibility during aging.

Xing Qian1, Wan Lin Yue1,2, Kwun Kei Ng1

  • 1Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Plos Biology
|April 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging brain networks show altered structure-function integration, impacting cognitive flexibility. Preserved integration in the salience network (SN) is crucial for maintaining cognitive flexibility in older adults.

More Related Videos

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.7K
The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
09:15

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

Published on: February 4, 2015

28.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.6K
Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.7K
The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
09:15

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

Published on: February 4, 2015

28.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Brain Connectivity

Background:

  • Cognitive flexibility is vital for adapting to changing environments and maintaining general cognition during aging.
  • This flexibility depends on the brain's ability to integrate functional dynamics with its structural architecture.
  • How age-related changes in structure-function integration affect cognitive flexibility decline is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate longitudinal aging-related changes in multimodal structure-function integration.
  • To examine how these changes relate to cognitive flexibility decline in older adults.
  • To identify specific brain networks (Executive Control Network, Default Mode Network, Salience Network) involved in these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state fMRI and diffusion MRI data from two independent datasets.
  • Employed a graph signal processing framework to decompose fMRI signals based on structural connectomes.
  • Quantified structure-function integration as functional signal coupling and decoupling within subnetworks.

Main Results:

  • The salience network subnetwork (SN-A) showed decreased coupling and increased decoupling with aging.
  • These SN-A changes were associated with a greater decline in cognitive flexibility over time.
  • The default mode network subnetwork (DMN-A) exhibited opposite aging trends: increased coupling and decreased decoupling.

Conclusions:

  • Revealed network-specific patterns of structure-function integration changes during normal aging.
  • Highlighted the importance of preserved structure-function integration within the salience network for maintaining cognitive flexibility in older adults.
  • Suggests that altered integration in specific networks contributes to age-related cognitive decline.