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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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Statistical learning in childhood: Dimensions, developmental trajectory, and relation with cognitive control.

Matthew Johnston1, Jessica Dolan1, Dezső Nemeth2,3,4

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Statistical learning, the ability to extract environmental regularities, develops differently across subtypes. Adjacent dependency extraction benefits younger children more, while other statistical learning types remain stable with age.

Keywords:
cognitive controldevelopmental trajectoryimplicit learningstatistical learning

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Statistical learning (SL) is crucial for development, but its trajectory is debated.
  • SL may involve distinct subtypes tracking different environmental regularities.
  • The relationship between SL and cognitive control is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectories of distinct statistical learning subtypes.
  • To examine the association between statistical learning abilities and cognitive control in children.
  • To determine if different SL subtypes are independent.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed three statistical learning abilities and cognitive control in 187 children aged 5-12 years.
  • Utilized a university laboratory setting for data collection between March 2023 and August 2024.
  • Employed both online and offline measures to assess sensitivity to adjacent dependencies.

Main Results:

  • Cue-based and nonadjacent statistical learning were age-invariant.
  • Adjacent dependency extraction showed greater benefits in younger children compared to older children.
  • Weak evidence linked statistical learning to cognitive control, with varying associations based on measurement type.

Conclusions:

  • Statistical learning is a multifaceted ability comprising uncorrelated subtypes.
  • Developmental trajectories of statistical learning subtypes differ.
  • The role of cognitive control in statistical learning requires further investigation, particularly regarding measurement methods.