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Integrated digestate management: Contaminant control, valorisation and circular pathways.

Vera Proskynitopoulou1, Anastasios Vourros1, Ioannis Garagounis1

  • 1ARTEMIS Laboratory, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH), 6th Km Charilaou-Thermi Road, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloníki, Greece.

Journal of Environmental Management
|April 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Effective digestate management requires integrated strategies to handle contaminants and recover nutrients for sustainable agriculture. A new decision framework aids in selecting appropriate technologies for safe and circular valorisation.

Keywords:
Circular economyContaminant removalDigestateMembrane treatmentNutrient recoveryWaste valorisation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Digestate management is crucial for environmental protection and sustainable agriculture.
  • Challenges include compositional variability and persistent contaminants like heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and PFAS.
  • Current research is fragmented, lacking a unified approach to risk, technology, and decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review digestate characteristics, contaminants, and treatment technologies.
  • To critically compare technologies based on nutrient recovery, contaminant control, and circular valorisation.
  • To propose a decision framework for selecting appropriate digestate valorisation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Critical comparison of conventional, advanced, and emerging treatment technologies.
  • Development of a structured decision framework integrating techno-economic, environmental, and maturity aspects.

Main Results:

  • Many current technologies redistribute contaminants into side streams rather than eliminating them.
  • Integrated treatment trains combining separation, recovery, and destruction are needed.
  • A decision framework is proposed to guide technology selection based on digestate composition and management goals.

Conclusions:

  • An integrated approach is necessary for safe and circular digestate valorisation.
  • The proposed framework supports tailored strategy selection considering techno-economic feasibility and environmental performance.
  • Further research and policy development are needed to advance sustainable digestate management.