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Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

Published on: July 21, 2013

Plasticity is predicted by structural damage in sub-acute ischemic stroke.

Anson C M Chau¹, Michael C Ridding², Beben Benyamin³

¹Medical Imaging, Medical Radiation Science, Allied Health and Human Performance, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia.

|April 13, 2026

Summary

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows promise for stroke recovery. Clinical neuroimaging, specifically corticospinal tract integrity, can predict individual responses to rTMS, aiding personalized treatment strategies.

Keywords:

Magnetic resonance imaging Plasticity Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation Stroke Theta burst stimulation

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Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

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Published on: October 1, 2020

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Published on: March 17, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Rehabilitation Medicine
Medical Imaging

Background:

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulates brain plasticity for stroke recovery.
Individual response variability to rTMS hinders its therapeutic efficacy.
Predicting rTMS response is crucial for optimizing stroke rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify early clinical neuroimaging markers predicting response to rTMS after stroke.
To explore the relationship between corticospinal tract integrity and physiological response to rTMS.
To understand how neuroimaging can explain variability in rTMS outcomes.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of clinical neuroimaging (anatomical, diffusion-weighted) within 3 days of stroke.
Application of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) as a plasticity probe.
Quantification of motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude changes to assess cortical excitability.
Regression modeling to identify predictors of rTMS-induced excitability changes.

Main Results:

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the ipsilesional corticospinal tract correlated with physiological response to rTMS.
Lower ADC indicated stronger suppression of corticospinal excitability.
Higher ADC suggested facilitation, potentially reflecting metaplasticity.
Baseline excitability did not affect the ADC-rTMS response association.

Conclusions:

Corticospinal tract integrity, assessed via neuroimaging, influences the direction and magnitude of rTMS response.
Clinical neuroimaging can help explain individual variability in rTMS treatment outcomes.
Integrating neuroimaging into study design may improve rTMS efficacy in stroke recovery.