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Large-scale single-neuron recording in the human cortex using an ultra-flexible electrode array.

Shun Wu1, Zhiqiang Yan2, Cen Kong1,3

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

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|April 13, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultra-flexible neural electrode arrays enabled high-density single-unit recordings in human patients during surgery. This breakthrough in neural monitoring technology offers stable, continuous detection of individual neuron activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Monitoring neural population activity at single-cell resolution is crucial for neuroscience research and clinical applications.
  • Translating advanced neural recording techniques from animal models to human clinical settings presents significant challenges.
  • Flexible neural electrodes offer potential for high-density, large-scale single-unit recordings due to biocompatibility and mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of ultra-flexible implantable neural electrode (uFINE) arrays for high-density single-unit recordings in human patients during intraoperative procedures.
  • To assess the mechanical robustness and recording stability of uFINE arrays in a clinical surgical environment.
  • To evaluate the capability of uFINE arrays to capture neural activity at the single-neuron level, including stimulus and response tuning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ultra-Flexible Implantable Neural Electrode (uFINE) arrays for neural recordings during intraoperative procedures in human patients.
  • Assessed the structural integrity and mechanical robustness of the uFINE arrays throughout surgical operations.
  • Recorded neural population activity, quantifying the number of single units detected and simultaneously recorded.
  • Analyzed the stability and continuity of single-unit detection, considering the impact of brain pulsations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated reliable, high-density single-unit recordings in 11 human patients during surgery.
  • Recorded a total of 719 single units, with a maximum of 135 single units recorded simultaneously.
  • The uFINE array maintained structural integrity during surgery, showing sufficient mechanical robustness.
  • The flexibility of the uFINE array minimized signal disturbances from brain pulsations, ensuring stable and continuous single-unit detection.
  • Observed stimulus and response tuning at the individual neuron level in awake patients.

Conclusions:

  • Ultra-flexible implantable neural electrode (uFINE) arrays are effective for high-density single-unit recordings in human patients during intraoperative procedures.
  • The uFINE array technology provides a robust and stable platform for neural monitoring, overcoming challenges associated with brain pulsations.
  • This advancement facilitates detailed investigation of neural activity at the single-neuron level in awake humans, paving the way for enhanced clinical innovation and fundamental research.