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Conflicts hinder research into animal movements.

Víctor Martín-Vélez1, Joan Navarro2, Isabel Afán2

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Area of Science:

  • Movement ecology
  • Geopolitics and wildlife research
  • Satellite remote sensing

Background:

  • Satellite tracking is vital for studying animal migration patterns.
  • Geopolitical instability can compromise the reliability of tracking data.
  • Electronic warfare poses a new threat to ecological research infrastructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of military-induced global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) interference on GPS tracking accuracy.
  • To investigate the consequences of compromised tracking data for black-headed gull migration studies.
  • To highlight the need for solutions to maintain ecological research integrity amidst global conflicts.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing GPS tracking data from black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) during 2024-2025.
  • Correlating erratic GPS positions with known zones of electronic warfare in Eastern Europe.
  • Evaluating the quality and geographical plausibility of satellite-derived movement data.

Main Results:

  • GPS trajectories showed significant inaccuracies, including erratic and implausible positions, during periods and in regions of electronic warfare.
  • Compromised tracking data hinders the identification of breeding colonies, stopover sites, and disease transmission risks (e.g., HPAI H5N1).
  • Ecological research infrastructure is directly impacted by modern military conflicts.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing conflicts and electronic warfare severely degrade the accuracy of GPS tracking data for migratory birds.
  • Inaccurate movement data poses significant challenges for conservation, disease surveillance (One Health models), and ecological research.
  • International coordination and development of correction methods are essential to ensure the robustness of movement ecology studies in unstable geopolitical environments.