Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.9K
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

51.8K
Overview of Valence Bond Theory
51.8K
Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation01:09

Empirical Method to Interpret Standard Deviation

10.7K
The empirical rule, also known as the three-sigma rule, allows a statistician to interpret the standard deviation in a normally distributed dataset. The rule states that 68% of the data lies within one standard deviation from the mean, 95% lies within two standard deviations from the mean, and 99.7% lies within three standard deviations from the mean. Additionally, this rule is also called the 68-95-99.7 rule.
This rule is used widely in statistics to calculate the proportion of data values...
10.7K
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

7.4K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
7.4K
Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals02:38

Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals

33.3K
According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single electrons in each orbital combine to form an electron pair. The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap of the orbitals involved. Maximum overlap is possible when the orbitals overlap on a direct line between the two nuclei.
A σ bond (single bond in a Lewis structure) is a covalent bond in which the electron density is...
33.3K
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

1.4K
Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Updating the German Psycholinguistic Word Toolbox with AI-Generated Estimates of Concreteness, Valence, Arousal, Age of Acquisition, and Familiarity.

Journal of cognition·2026
Same author

Priming effects in reading words with vertically and horizontally mirrored letters.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2022
Same author

Reading vertically and horizontally mirrored text: An eye movement investigation.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2022
Same author

Eye movements of children and adults reading in three different orthographies.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2021
Same author

Transposed and substituted letter effects across reading development: A longitudinal study.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2021
Same author

Lipid Composition Affects the Efficiency in the Functional Reconstitution of the Cytochrome <i>c</i> Oxidase.

International journal of molecular sciences·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention
05:36

Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention

Published on: November 16, 2017

8.0K

Child's play: A computational method for generating child-specific valence norms.

Katharina Gloria Hugentobler1, Astrid Haase2, Jana Lüdtke3

  • 1Educational Psychology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Waldweg 26, Göttingen, 37073, Germany. hugentobler@zedat.fu-berlin.de.

Behavior Research Methods
|April 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computational methods can estimate child word norms for affective processing research. Using adult semantic models and label lists best predicts children's valence ratings and effects.

Keywords:
Affective normsLexical decision taskValence ratingsVector space models

More Related Videos

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

12.4K
An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children
05:04

An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children

Published on: October 4, 2018

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention
05:36

Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention

Published on: November 16, 2017

8.0K
Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

12.4K
An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children
05:04

An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children

Published on: October 4, 2018

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Affective processing research relies on word norms, which are readily available for adults but scarce for children.
  • Existing methods for adult word norm computation involve mapping semantic similarities from vector spaces to label words.
  • Developing computational methods for child word norms is crucial for advancing developmental research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of computational methods in estimating child word norms, using valence as a case study.
  • To systematically analyze the impact of semantic space source and label list selection on norm estimation.
  • To provide a new dataset of child valence ratings for German words.

Main Methods:

  • Correlated computational estimates with adult and child valence ratings across different semantic space sources and label lists (Study 1).
  • Utilized computed norms and human ratings to predict valence effects in a lexical decision task (Study 2).
  • Compared the performance of various computational approaches in approximating human valence ratings and effects.

Main Results:

  • Norms derived from adult semantic vector space models and label lists showed the highest correlation with both children's (r = .71) and adults' (r = .74) valence ratings.
  • These adult-derived computational norms best approximated the functional form of valence effects in a lexical decision task for both age groups.
  • The study identified optimal methodological choices for computational norm generation applicable to children.

Conclusions:

  • Computational methods, particularly those leveraging adult-derived semantic models, can effectively generate reliable word norms for children.
  • The findings offer practical implications for researchers studying affective processing and language development in children.
  • A new dataset of child valence ratings for 535 German words is now available to the research community.