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KNOX II Transcription Factor HOS59 Regulates Gypsy Transposable Elements to Modulate Panicle Development in Rice.

Xinyi Zhang1, Minghao Sheng1, Yaxin Cao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|April 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

HOS59, a KNOX II gene, binds and represses Gypsy transposons in rice panicles, impacting cell division, grain development, and heterochromatin stability via the RdDM pathway.

Keywords:
HOS59KNOX II transcription factorOryza sativaTE silencingheterochromatin stabilitypanicle development

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Plant development

Background:

  • KNOX transcription factors are crucial for plant growth and development.
  • Specific roles of KNOX II genes in reproductive tissues are not well understood.
  • Understanding gene regulation in reproductive tissues is key for crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chromatin distribution and function of HOS59, a KNOX II gene, in rice.
  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of HOS59 in reproductive tissues, particularly panicle development.
  • To identify HOS59's role in transposon silencing and its impact on grain development.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to determine HOS59 binding sites.
  • Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS) to identify interacting proteins.
  • Transcriptome sequencing to analyze gene expression changes in HOS59 mutants and overexpression lines.

Main Results:

  • HOS59 preferentially binds to Gypsy transposons (TEs) in rice panicles, colocalizing with H3K9me2 modification in pericentromeric regions.
  • HOS59 influences heterochromatin stability through the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway and H3K9me2 modification.
  • HOS59 regulates cell division, panicle development, and grain size through the HOS59-OsSPL13-SRS5 module, and its overexpression promotes heterochromatin stability.

Conclusions:

  • HOS59 plays a critical role in silencing Gypsy TEs in pericentromeric regions, thereby influencing cell division and panicle development.
  • HOS59 contributes to maintaining heterochromatin stability, potentially through the RdDM pathway.
  • The study reveals HOS59's involvement in regulating grain development, offering insights into KNOX gene regulatory networks in rice.