Pathways to community palliative spiritual care volunteering: a grounded theory study

BACKGROUND: As the world’s population ages and life expectancy increases, the prevalence of chronic diseases and cancer has risen, increasing the demand for community palliative care. While community palliative care relies on teamwork, volunteers play a crucial role in connecting medical teams with patients’ families and the community. However, challenges in recruiting and managing palliative volunteer teams remain largely unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the motivations and process of engaging in community palliative spiritual care as a volunteer. METHODS: This study adopted a grounded theory approach, recruiting adults aged 18 and above from a community hospice spiritual care training center in Taiwan. Eligible participants had at least one year of volunteer experience and were fluent in Mandarin or Taiwanese. Data collection and analysis were conducted according to grounded theory methodology. RESULTS: The study explored volunteers’ motivations and experiences, from April 2023 to May 2024, 21 in-depth interviews were conducted. Participants had a mean age of 59.2 (SD = 8.8), with 95.2% female and 90.5% being current volunteers. The findings identified one overarching theme: “Navigating inner turmoil and transforming through the suffering of others.” The findings revealed a journey of self-reflection, preparation, overcoming challenges, and personal transformation. Life transitions and loss inspire individuals to serve; whereas, training and practice shape their roles. Navigating emotional and practical challenges fosters volunteers’ spiritual growth. CONCLUSIONS: Volunteers’ life transitions and significant personal experiences often catalyze engagement in community-based palliative spiritual care. Through altruistic volunteering and compassionate presence, they extend compassionate care beyond formal healthcare systems. This engagement strengthens public health, community-based approaches to palliative care and fosters communities prepared to provide empathy, support, and end-of-life care. Findings inform strategies to sustain volunteer commitment and promote the integration of volunteers into palliative care services.