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Association Between Occupation and Cancer Risk: A Large-scale Case-control Study in Japan
Kota Fukai1, Shoko Nakazawa, Kosuke Sakai
1From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (K.F., S.N., K. Sakai, Y.F., M.T.); Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K. Sano); Department of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan (N.K.); Center for Health Informatics Policy, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan (K.H.); Department of Hygiene, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan (K.H.); and Chugoku Rosai Hospital Research Center for the Promotion of Health and Employment Support, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Hiroshima, Japan (A.T.).
Objective:
To examine associations between occupation and overall and site-specific cancer risk in Japan.
Methods:
We conducted a multicenter, hospital-based matched case-control study using the Inpatient Clinico-Occupational Survey of the Rosai Hospital Group (2005-2023), including 146,994 cancer cases and 278,244 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate sex-specific adjusted odds ratios by occupation.
Results:
Occupational disparities in cancer risk were observed, with more pronounced associations among men than women. Elevated risks were identified in manual and transport-related occupations, whereas lower risks were observed in selected professional occupations. Site-specific patterns varied by cancer type and sex.
Conclusions:
Occupation is associated with cancer risk in Japan, showing distinct sex-specific and site-specific patterns. These findings underscore the importance of occupational context in cancer epidemiology and provide a hypothesis-generating framework highlighting behavioral and detection-related factors.
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