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Bioaccessible Sulforaphane Drives Macrophage Migration and Differentiation by Reprogramming the Interleukin Profile

Sonia Medina1, Concepción Medrano-Padial1, Cristina García-Viguera1

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Sulforaphane (SFN) from broccoli reduces inflammatory cytokines while boosting anti-inflammatory ones, aiding in preventing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This dietary compound reshapes immune responses, supporting broccoli by-product use for IBD management.

Keywords:
bioaccessibilitybroccoli by‐productsinterleukin modulationintestinal inflammationmacrophage polarizationsulforaphane

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by immune dysregulation within the gut.
  • Identifying novel therapeutic targets is crucial for managing IBD severity.
  • Broccoli by-products contain bioactive compounds with potential immunomodulatory effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunomodulatory potential of bioaccessible sulforaphane (SFN) from broccoli by-products.
  • To assess SFN's effect on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles in an in vitro model.
  • To evaluate SFN's impact on macrophage differentiation and its relevance to IBD prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an in vitro model combining Caco-2 (intestinal epithelial) and THP-1 (monocytic) cell lines.
  • Administered bioaccessible sulforaphane (SFN) at a physiological concentration (0.100 μg/mL).
  • Analyzed changes in secreted interleukins (ILs) and macrophage surface markers (CD86, CD206) post-SFN treatment.

Main Results:

  • SFN significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α) by up to 56%.
  • SFN enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, IL-13) by 24-71%.
  • SFN modulated macrophage differentiation towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, reducing pro-inflammatory markers and increasing tolerogenic ones.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary sulforaphane (SFN) effectively reshapes the interleukin profile and influences macrophage differentiation.
  • SFN exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties, relevant for preventing and managing IBD.
  • Broccoli by-products, rich in SFN, represent a valuable resource for therapeutic and dietary applications in inflammatory conditions.