The Meaning of Chronic Disease Management in the Patient's Environment: A Critical Ethnographic Study

Background The social, physical, and relational environment plays a particularly key role for people living with chronic illness. The available resources must match the needs and abilities of those individuals. Objectives This study aims to describe how people perceive their environment in relation to managing their chronic illness daily. Methods Ethnography was employed to collect and analyze data. The researcher visited each participant at home three times, making observations and conducting interviews. Results Fifteen people with cardiovascular disease took part in the study. Four themes emerged relating to their environment: self-expression/being listened to; decision-making/action; creating a safe space; and overcoming illness. Conclusions A supportive environment enables individuals to recognize their achievements based on the meaning they attribute to them. Although people adapt to their environment according to their abilities and needs, effective communication between people with chronic diseases and healthcare professionals remains essential.