Calcium Phosphate Nanostructured Biocomposites with Applications in Bone Tissue Engineering

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Nanostructured calcium phosphate-based (CaP) biocomposites are promising for multifunctional biomedical applications.
• Recent advances focus on CaP nanocomposites for bone tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a critical overview of CaP nanocomposite synthesis for bone regeneration.
• To correlate composition, synthesis, and biological properties for developing advanced biomaterials.

Main Methods:

• Review of calcium phosphates (e.g., hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate).
• Analysis of biocomposites functionalized with metal ions, polymers, bioglass, or metal additives.
• Correlation of material composition with synthesis routes and biological properties.

Main Results:

• Synergistic effects in biocomposites improve bioactivity, mechanical strength, antimicrobial activity, structure, and porosity.
• CaP nanocomposites exhibit osteoconductivity, immunomodulatory effects, pro-healing signaling, and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Demonstrated potential for drug delivery and theranostic applications.

Conclusions:

• CaP-based nanocomposites are versatile biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.
• Functionalization strategies enhance material properties and biological functions.
• These materials hold significant promise for advanced regenerative medicine and therapeutic applications.