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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
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Retinal Microvascular Features Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Attention Deficit

Carmen Miquel-Lopez1,2, Jose Javier Garcia-Medina1,2,3,4,5, Antonio Eusebio Lopez-Hernandez3,6

  • 1General University Hospital Morales Meseguer, 30008 Murcia, Spain.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|April 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) did not reveal significant differences in retinal microvasculature between individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and controls. Superficial OCTA metrics are unlikely to be standalone biomarkers for ADHD.

Keywords:
attention deficit hyperactivity disorderbiomarkerneurodevelopmental disordersoptical coherence tomography angiographyperfusion densityperipapillary microcirculationretinal microvasculaturesuperficial capillary plexusvessel density

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) lacks objective diagnostic biomarkers.
  • Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) offers non-invasive assessment of retinal microvasculature for neurovascular research.
  • Investigating retinal changes may provide insights into neurodevelopmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare macular and peripapillary OCTA parameters in individuals with ADHD versus neurotypical controls.
  • To assess the potential of OCTA as a biomarker for ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative case-control study involving 50 patients with ADHD and 50 controls (200 eyes total).
  • Macular and peripapillary OCTA scans analyzed for vessel density and perfusion.
  • Statistical analysis included t-tests and ANCOVA, adjusted for age, sex, and axial length, with multiple comparison correction.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences in superficial retinal capillary plexus OCTA parameters were found between ADHD patients and controls after adjustments and multiple comparison correction.
  • Observed mean differences in microvascular parameters were minimal, lacking statistical significance.

Conclusions:

  • Superficial OCTA metrics do not show robust differences in this ADHD cohort.
  • OCTA of the superficial capillary plexus is unlikely to serve as a standalone biomarker for ADHD.