Comparison of Bacterial Adhesion on Two Different Suture Materials After Tooth Extraction in Women Receiving...

Background/Objectives: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but severe complication of antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis. This study investigated bacterial adhesion and microbial composition on two suture materials and their potential impact on early wound healing following tooth extraction in patients receiving antiresorptive therapy. Methods: In this prospective exploratory clinical study with partially randomized allocation, female patients undergoing antiresorptive therapy were evaluated for clinical parameters, including the Mombelli Plaque Index (MPI), Mombelli Bleeding Index (MBI), oral smear analysis, and Early Wound Healing Score (EHS). Suture samples (Vicryl and Monocryl, Ethicon, Germany) were removed after 10 days, measured, and weighed. Bacterial DNA was isolated and quantified by qPCR targeting the albumin and 16S rRNA genes. In addition, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed to assess the microbial community composition. Statistical and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to compare materials and evaluate the clustering patterns. Results: Fifty-two suture samples were analyzed. Vicryl exhibited significantly higher 16S rRNA gene copy numbers than Monocryl, indicating increased bacterial colonization, whereas albumin gene copy numbers were significantly higher in Monocryl. The suture weight correlated primarily with albumin gene copy numbers. Amplicon sequencing revealed no material-dependent differences in the microbial composition; instead, samples clustered predominantly by patient, particularly in split-mouth cases. The wound healing outcomes based on the EHS were comparable between materials. Conclusions: Although Vicryl and Monocryl differ in bacterial load and host material deposition, the microbial community composition is primarily patient-specific and the clinical healing outcomes are similar. Surgical management and patient-related factors appear more critical than suture material selection.