Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Editorial Expression of Concern: Recognition of the nonclassical MHC class I molecule H2-M3 by the receptor Ly49A regulates the licensing and activation of NK cells.

Nature immunology·2026

Same author

Dose Recommendations for Drugs in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis (The ALIVe Study): Protocol for a Multiphase Validation and Consensus Study.

JMIR research protocols·2026

Same author

DHX36 is a regulatory switch in the interferon-mediated antiviral response.

Science advances·2026

Same author

5'-Triphosphate guanosine RNAs recruit GTP-binding proteins to suppress RIG-I/IFN type I signaling.

Molecular cell·2026

Same author

Recommendations on Drug Selection and Dose Adjustment for Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: Results from a Multidisciplinary Expert Panel.

Clinical drug investigation·2026

Same author

Host restriction factor SAMHD1 does not restrict seasonal influenza virus replication in human epithelial or macrophage-like cells.

Virology journal·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Ex vivo Expansion of Tumor-reactive T Cells by Means of Bryostatin 1/Ionomycin and the Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Formulation

Ex vivo Expansion of Tumor-reactive T Cells by Means of Bryostatin 1/Ionomycin and the Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Formulation

Published on: January 14, 2011

RIG-I Stimulation Enhances the Effector Function and Proliferation of Primary Human CD8+ T Cells.

Adham Abuelola Mohamed^1,2,3, Christina Wallerath¹, Charlotte Hunkler¹

¹Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|April 14, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

RIG-I stimulation enhances cytotoxic CD8 T cell antiviral responses and effector functions. This suggests RIG-I agonists could prolong CD8 T cell activity in immunotherapy.

Keywords:

CD8 T cells IFN-I RIG-I influenza A virus nucleic acid sensing

More Related Videos

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Published on: December 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Ex vivo Expansion of Tumor-reactive T Cells by Means of Bryostatin 1/Ionomycin and the Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Formulation

Ex vivo Expansion of Tumor-reactive T Cells by Means of Bryostatin 1/Ionomycin and the Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Formulation

Published on: January 14, 2011

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Published on: December 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Cell Biology

Background:

Cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes are vital for antiviral immunity but susceptible to viral infection.
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) detects viral RNA and triggers antiviral responses in CD8 T cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of Influenza A virus infection and RIG-I ligand stimulation on CD8 T cell effector functions.
To evaluate the role of RIG-I in enhancing CD8 T cell proliferation, degranulation, and cytokine production.

Main Methods:

Primary human CD8 T cells were infected with Influenza A virus or transfected with synthetic RIG-I ligands.
Assessed proliferation, degranulation, and cytokine production via flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine staining.
Utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to knock out RIG-I and STAT2.

Main Results:

Influenza A virus infection and RIG-I ligand stimulation activated RIG-I, TBK1, and NF-κB pathways, leading to type-I interferon secretion.
RIG-I ligand transfection enhanced CD8 T cell proliferation and protected against influenza A virus infection.
Both viral infection and RIG-I stimulation boosted CD8 T cell degranulation and cytokine secretion, while CD3/CD28 activation increased viral susceptibility.

Conclusions:

RIG-I stimulation by viral infection or ligands enhances intrinsic antiviral pathways and CD8 T cell effector functions.
RIG-I agonists show potential for prolonging cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocyte effector function in immunotherapy.