Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
Published on: October 31, 2019
A Green Innovative Approach for Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs Using Choline Chloride-Polyol
Liga Petersone1, Rihards Mahinovs1, Zoltán Márk Horváth1
1Leading Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
Abstract:
Eutectic solvents have become a viable choice to create innovative pharmaceutical technologies within the framework of the green chemistry approach. Despite the growing applicative interest, a general gap remains in the pharmaceutical sector regarding thorough and systematic research of their properties and useful applications. In this work, eutectic solvents have been prepared from choline chloride and polyols (sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, and isomalt) at different molar ratios (1:1, 2:3, and 3:2), characterised, and used for the solubility enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs (ibuprofen and naproxen) as well as the potential drug candidate apigenin. The interactions between the eutectic solvent components were investigated by DSC, FTIR, and refractive index methods. In all eutectic solvents, the water content detected by Karl Fischer titration and loss on drying was less than 3%. Solubility studies, carried out using the shake-flask method, showed significant solubility enhancement of the following: ibuprofen: ~152-fold increase, naproxen: ~144-fold increase, and apigenin: ~188-fold increase. These findings highlighted the great potential of eutectic solvents as solubility enhancers in the development of novel and more effective drug delivery systems.
Related Concept Videos
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry
Solubility
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics

