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Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid-Based Ionomers: Current State and Prospects.

Valeriy A Kozlov^1,2, Barry W Ninham³, Sergey M Kuznetsov¹

¹Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

|April 14, 2026

Summary

This review examines perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers, including Nafion and novel materials. It highlights new structural and functional patterns crucial for advancing fuel cell technologies and electrochemical systems.

Keywords:

Nafion Schroeder’s paradox equivalent weight fuel cells heat treatment hydrophilic ionic fragments hydrophobic backbone perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers phase separation proton conductivity proton-exchange membrane fuel cell small-angle X-ray scattering small-angle neutron scattering

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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Published on: December 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Electrochemistry

Background:

Perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers, like Nafion, are foundational in fuel cell technology.
Recent advancements include alternative chemical modifications and new-generation composite membranes.
Extensive experimental and modeling data necessitate a re-evaluation of traditional vs. modern ionomers.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current research landscape of PFSA ionomers.
To identify new structural and functional patterns in PFSA materials.
To analyze ionomer behavior across different states (thin films, interfaces, bulk membranes).

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of experimental and modeling data.
Analysis of structural and functional properties.
Multiscale modeling and advanced characterization techniques.

Main Results:

Identification of novel structural and functional patterns in PFSA ionomers.
Detailed analysis of ionomer behavior in various physical states.
Summary of fragmented relationships within PFSA research.

Conclusions:

PFSA ionomers are a dynamic interdisciplinary research platform.
Technological progress in PFSA is driven by fundamental science.
Understanding these materials is key to expanding their applications in electrochemical systems.