Noninvasive Measurement of Infant Respiration During Sleep: A Validation Study

Infant respiration is a physiological marker of health and wellbeing that can provide insight into sleep and wake patterns. Technological innovation presents opportunities to enhance measurements of physiological signals, which improves ecological validity and participant experiences. This is particularly true in the context of studying infant sleep, as it can be disrupted by changes in the environment and the physical sensation of unfamiliar or uncomfortable sensors. The goal of this study was to examine if a commercially available video baby monitor (Nanit system) can accurately estimate respiration during a nap relative to a commonly used cardiorespiratory sensor (Isansys Lifetouch sensor). Thirty-three infants (M = 9.7 months; range = 1-22 months) took a nap while wearing the Lifetouch sensor and Nanit Breathing Band. Infants slept in view of the Nanit camera. A computer vision algorithm applied to the video detected movement of the patterns on the fabric band worn around the infant's torso to determine respiratory rates. The results showed strong consistency between the devices. More than 95% of the minute-by-minute respiration data fell within the limits of agreement, with little bias. Agreement was not influenced by age or nap duration, suggesting the Nanit Breathing Band provides a valid measure of respiration across infancy.