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Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Recent Progress in the Phase-Controlled Synthesis of Ruthenium Nanocrystals for Catalytic Applications.

Jianlong He¹, Zhiqi Wang¹, Jiaqi Guan¹

¹School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|April 14, 2026

Summary

Researchers engineered metastable ruthenium (Ru) nanocrystals using seed-templating and kinetic control. These novel nanocrystals exhibit unique properties for catalysis and offer new synthesis pathways for other metals.

Keywords:

electrocatalysis phase engineering reduction kinetics ruthenium nanocrystals templating effect

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Published on: August 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Catalysis

Background:

Metal nanocrystals in metastable phases are gaining interest for their unique properties.
Bulk ruthenium (Ru) typically crystallizes in the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase.
Colloidal methods allow synthesis of Ru in the metastable face-centered cubic (fcc) phase.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in engineering the phase of Ru nanocrystals.
To explore methods for controlling nanocrystal phase, including seed-templating and kinetic control.
To discuss the properties and applications of metastable Ru nanocrystals.

Main Methods:

Seed-templating strategies, such as facet symmetry matching.
Kinetic control over reduction pathways for phase selection.
Utilizing hcp-Ru nanocrystals as templates for other metal nanocrystals (Pd, Rh).

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of metastable fcc-Ru nanocrystals via colloidal methods.
Demonstration of hcp-Ru nanocrystals templating the synthesis of metastable hcp-Pd and hcp-Rh nanocrystals.
Investigation into the thermal stability and catalytic applications of metastable Ru.

Conclusions:

Engineering metastable phases in metal nanocrystals is achievable through controlled synthesis.
Metastable Ru nanocrystals show promise for catalytic applications.
Further research is needed for quantitative kinetic control, scalable synthesis, and stabilization of these materials.